May 6, 2026 — According to scientific literature published on the National Library of Medicine database, “Throughout life, exercise causes measurable biological consequences that enhance well-being.” What types of movement contribute to better mental health?
To help you live better and longer, our healthspan initiative offers research-backed insights into how you eat, sleep, move and connect with others for healthier living. In recognition of Mental Health Awareness Month, this educational piece will focus mainly on the role of physical fitness in maintaining and improving psychological and emotional health.
What happens to our brains when we exercise?
We’ve all heard that exercising can help you feel better mentally, but what actually occurs in our brains when we work out that causes these changes?
Several biological processes occur when your body gets moving. Most notably, there’s a spike in the release of endorphins (considered the “feel-good” neurotransmitter) and dopamine (the neurotransmitter linked to pleasure and motivation). Blood flow and thus oxygen flow increase as well, delivering necessary nutrients. The article from the National Library of Medicine notes, “Since the brain depends on oxygen and glucose, increased capillary beds enhance their delivery to brain tissue and, consequently, facilitate neuroplasticity."
Exercise promotes the process of neurogenesis (the development and creation of new neurons), which helps with executive functioning, emotional regulation, cognitive flexibility and memory. Findings from Harvard Health support this, claiming that regular aerobic exercise causes growth of the hippocampus (the area of the brain that deals with verbal memory and learning).
As it turns out, physical activity doesn’t just fortify your muscles and bones — it also boosts your brain health, a particularly important benefit for aging adults. The National Institute on Aging published a study suggesting that “Lifelong exercise could be a therapeutic strategy for promoting brain health and reducing the risk of developing neurodegenerative conditions.”
Benefits of physical activity for mental wellness
The physiological advantages of exercise — such as better cardiovascular function, higher bone density and improved musculoskeletal strength — are only the beginning. In addition to reducing your risk of certain cancers and diseases (e.g., heart disease and diabetes), regular physical activity helps improve:
✓ Energy levels, concentration and alertness
✓ Sleepeep quality and general mood
✓ Symptoms of depression and anxiety
Bonus benefit: Socialization
You can also leverage your fitness routine to strengthen social ties by exercising with friends, family members, neighbors or community members. Working out in a group supports a holistic wellness lifestyle, satisfying emotional, physical and social needs simultaneously. Try group fitness classes, join a community gym or just walk with a friend or two regularly.
In fact, we're using a social health assessment at HumanGood that may encourage participation in group activities. The assessment evaluates social support and engagement using multiple validated measures, including the UCLA-3 Loneliness Scale and Duke Social Support Index.
Tips for maintaining mental wellness through exercise
Stay moving and keep motivated. Here’s how:
Parting advice
Exercise is good for your muscles and bones, yes, but it’s also proven to be increasingly beneficial for your brain and mental health. Be sure to prioritize moving throughout the day, and diversify your fitness or exercise routine to keep things fresh and challenging.
Expect more healthspan tips in the months to come!